至于相平面和稳定性的关系,似乎还是由特征值的符号决定的。我贴一段wiki上的,抛砖引玉。
The phase plane is then first set-up by drawing straight lines representing the two eigenvectors (which represent stable situations where the system either converges towards those lines or diverges away from them). Then the phase plane is plotted by using full lines instead of direction field dashes. The signs of the eigenvalues will tell how the system's phase plane behaves:
If the signs are opposite, the intersection of the eigenvectors is a saddle point.
If the signs are both positive, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system diverges away from, and the intersection is an unstable node.
If the signs are both negative, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system converges towards, and the intersection is a stable node.